• About Life Cycle
    Life Cycle is an international, peer-reviewed, open access general medical journal and invites submissions of any original contribution that broadens, advances, or brightens medical science or practice, or that educates or delights the Journal’s readers. Building on the foundation of Life Cycle as the best science for medical health research, the Journal is committed to publishing high-quality and cutting-edge Original Research Articles, State-of-the-Art Reviews, and Letters that contribute to the advancement of healthy life from birth to senescence.

    CURRENT ISSUE: Apr 2023, Vol. 3

    Obesity: lessons learned and the way forward
    Life Cycle 2023;3:e6
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2023.e6
    Allergic diseases and COVID-19 pandemic: facing unprecedented challenges
    Life Cycle 2023;3:e5
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2023.e5
    ABSTRACT
    The impact of COVID-19 on allergic diseases in adolescents is not well described. Although there has been a previous study that examined changes in prevalence one year into the pandemic, there is a need for follow-up due to the nature of the infectious disease. Therefore, this review article explored the extent to which the pandemic had a potential...
    Age, ethnic, and sex disparity in body mass index and waist circumference: a bi-national large-scale study in South Korea and the United States
    Life Cycle 2023;3:e4
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2023.e4
    ABSTRACT
    The study investigated age, ethnic, and sex disparities in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in South Korea and the United States. We conducted a bi-national large-scale study and analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the U...
    The emerging epidemics in recent: mpox
    Life Cycle 2023;3:e3
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2023.e3
    ABSTRACT
    In 2022, while the world has yet to be free from the aftermath of the long-term pandemic caused by COVID-19, the unusual epidemic of endemic diseases in Africa called mpox (monkeypox) was designated as the Public Health Emergency of International Concert by the World Health Organization, drawing world’s attention to whether new pandemic will occu...
    The emerging pandemic recent: SARS-CoV-2
    Life Cycle 2023;3:e2
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2023.e2
    ABSTRACT
    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), induces coughing, vomiting, or fever. The occurrence, duration, and severity of these symptoms vary from person to person, which makes symptoms of the COVID-19 infection ranging from those of a mild cold to death in severe cases. The cau...
    Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination and treatment pattern of prostate cancer: a comprehensive literature review, phase 2
    Life Cycle 2023;3:e1
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2023.e1
    ABSTRACT
    During the COVID-19 pandemic, overall screening, diagnostics, and treatment have faced a downtrend, especially during the first wave and lockdown. Statistics showed improvements starting from the late era of the pandemic and the end of 2020. To improvise, the risk of delayed curative treatment was measured and treatment plans were amended according...

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    MOST READ ARTICLES

    Methods for testing statistical differences between groups in medical research: statistical standard and guideline of Life Cycle Committee
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e1
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e1
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    Last 3 months views: 713

    Regression analysis for continuous independent variables in medical research: statistical standard and guideline of Life Cycle Committee
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e3
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e3
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    Last 3 months views: 586

    Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in 237 countries and territories, January 2022: a systematic analysis for World Health Organization COVID-19 Dashboard
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e10
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e10
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    Last 3 months views: 215

    Propensity score matching for causal inference and reducing the confounding effects: statistical standard and guideline of Life Cycle Committee
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e18
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e18
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    Last 3 months views: 193

    Global Burden of Disease study at the World Health Organization: research methods for the most comprehensive global study of disease and underlying health policies
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e8
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e8
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    Last 3 months views: 187

    The emerging epidemics in recent: mpox
    Life Cycle 2023;3:e3
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2023.e3
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    Last 3 months views: 164

    COVID-19 vaccines and coronavirus 19 variants including alpha, delta, and omicron: present status and future directions
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e4
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e4
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    Last 3 months views: 145

    The emerging pandemic recent: SARS-CoV-2
    Life Cycle 2023;3:e2
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2023.e2
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    Last 3 months views: 143

    PRISMA 2020 statement and guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis articles, and their underlying mathematics: Life Cycle Committee Recommendations
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e9
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e9
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    Last 3 months views: 136

    Global, regional, and national disruptions to COVID-19 vaccine coverage in 237 countries and territories, March 2022: a systematic analysis for World Health Organization COVID-19 Dashboard, Release 1
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e14
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e14
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    Last 3 months views: 125

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    MOST CITED ARTICLES

    Methods for testing statistical differences between groups in medical research: statistical standard and guideline of Life Cycle Committee
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e1
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e1
    ABSTRACT
    In medical research, when independent variables are categorical (i.e., dividing groups), statistical analysis is often required. This situation mostly occurs on randomized controlled trials and observational studies that have multiple patient groups. Also, when analyzing continuous independent variables in a single patient group, breakpoints can be...
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    Cited by 68

    Regression analysis for continuous independent variables in medical research: statistical standard and guideline of Life Cycle Committee
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e3
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e3
    ABSTRACT
    Variables measured in medicine are usually continuous, such as blood pressure, serum glucose, and drug dosage. There are statistical methods to confirm whether these variables act as independent variables that cause an outcome. Most of these methods are types of regression analysis. In this article, starting with a simple correlation coefficient, l...
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    Cited by 34

    PRISMA 2020 statement and guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis articles, and their underlying mathematics: Life Cycle Committee Recommendations
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e9
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e9
    ABSTRACT
    The paper discussed the overall aspects of systematic review and meta-analysis and explored the main mathematical context of meta-analysis. This included various methods of analyzing the effect size and obtaining the average effect size depending on the variable type. In doing so, methods of obtaining effect sizes in continuous outcome variables, c...
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    Cited by 16

    Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in 237 countries and territories, January 2022: a systematic analysis for World Health Organization COVID-19 Dashboard
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e10
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e10
    ABSTRACT
    Objective: To estimate global, regional, and national incidences and mortality of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 237 countries and territories since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic to 31 January, 2022. Methods: Comprehensive estimates were produced through global, regional, and national studies of cumulative severe acute respirato...
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    Cited by 13

    Vaccine strategy against COVID-19 with a focus on the Omicron and stealth Omicron variants: Life Cycle Committee Recommendations
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e5
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e5
    ABSTRACT
    The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and was consequently transmitted across the world. Further, within a year of its initial discovery, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were developed using diverse t...
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    Cited by 8

    N-Nitrosodimethylamine-contaminated ranitidine and risk of cancer in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study
    Life Cycle 2021;1:e1
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2021.e1
    ABSTRACT
    Objective: On September 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration announced that some ranitidine products were contaminated with unacceptable levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). We aimed to determine whether the use of ranitidine that was potentially contaminated with NDMA, rather than another histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H2 bl...
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    Cited by 6

    COVID-19 vaccines and coronavirus 19 variants including alpha, delta, and omicron: present status and future directions
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e4
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e4
    ABSTRACT
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a coronavirus, also called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has caused urgent global health problems worldwide. The rapid spread of this pathogen, the development of its variants, and the escalating number of patients and their deaths prompted scientists to take up the...
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    Cited by 6

    Nationwide COVID-19 vaccination coverage and COVID-19 incidence in South Korea, January 2022: a national official report
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e2
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e2
    ABSTRACT
    Objective: To reduce the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness, and COVID-19 related death, all persons in South Korea should stay up to data with recommended COVID-19 vaccinations. This study investigated the rates and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccina...
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    Cited by 5

    Global, regional, and national COVID-19 vaccination rate in 237 countries and territories, March 2022: a systematic analysis for World Health Organization COVID-19 Dashboard, Release 2
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e15
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e15
    ABSTRACT
    Objective: We aimed to better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through analysis of disruptions in a global, regional, and national status of COVID-19 vaccination coverage compared by a global scale, World Health Organization regions, World Bank income groups, and each country. Methods: Global datasets of 237 countries and territories ...
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    Cited by 3

    How serious is the Omicron variant? transmissibility, genomics, and responses to COVID-19 vaccines, and ‘Stealth’ Omicron variants
    Life Cycle 2022;2:e7
    https://doi.org/10.54724/lc.2022.e7
    ABSTRACT
    Since its emergence on November 9, 2021, the Omicron variant has spread quickly across the globe as a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and became the variant of concern at an astonishingly rapid rate. This new variant was found to be a massively mutated virus from the original virus formation. The World Health Organi...
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    Cited by 2

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