| Crude rate, (95% CI) |
| Overall, n | 38,341 | 4,353 | 4,343 | 6,546 | 3,147 | 6,562 | 6,814 | 3,281 | 3,295 |
| Age group, years, n (95% CI) |
| 50-59 | 13,676 (35.67) | 1,788 (41.08) | 1,579 (36.36) | 2,400 (36.66) | 1,152 (36.61) | 2,317 (35.31) | 2,367 (34.74) | 1,058 (32.25) | 1,015 (30.80) |
| 60-69 | 12,815 (33.42) | 1,553 (35.68) | 1,492 (34.35) | 2,210 (33.76) | 1,020 (32.41) | 2,111 (32.17) | 2,225 (32.65) | 1,105 (33.68) | 1,099 (33.35) |
| 70-79 | 9,012 (23.50) | 821 (18.86) | 1,037 (23.88) | 1,578 (24.11) | 751 (23.86) | 1,577 (24.03) | 1,610 (23.63) | 819 (24.96) | 819 (24.86) |
| ≥80 | 2,838 (7.40) | 191 (4.39) | 235 (5.41) | 358 (5.47) | 224 (7.12) | 557 (8.49) | 612 (8.98) | 299 (9.11) | 362 (10.99) |
| Sex, n (95% CI) |
| Male | 16,505 (43.05) | 1,866 (42.87) | 1,800 (41.45) | 2,837 (43.34) | 1,370 (43.53) | 2,839 (43.26) | 2,927 (42.96) | 1,457 (44.41) | 1,409 (42.76) |
| Female | 21,836 (56.95) | 2,487 (57.13) | 2,543 (58.55) | 3,709 (56.66) | 1,777 (56.47) | 3,723 (56.74) | 3,887 (57.04) | 1,824 (55.59) | 1,886 (57.24) |
| Region of residence, n (95% CI) |
| Urban | 27,405 (71.48) | 2,866 (65.84) | 2,688 (61.89) | 4,421 (67.54) | 2,396 (76.14) | 4,967 (75.69) | 5,227 (76.71) | 2,478 (75.53) | 2,362 (71.68) |
| Rural | 10,936 (28.52) | 1,487 (34.16) | 1,655 (38.11) | 2,125 (32.46) | 751 (23.86) | 1,595 (24.31) | 1,587 (23.29) | 803 (24.47) | 933 (28.32) |
| Household income, n (95% CI) |
| Lowest quartile | 12,262 (31.98) | 1,692 (38.87) | 1,578 (36.33) | 2,254 (34.43) | 917 (29.14) | 2,016 (30.72) | 1,968 (28.88) | 888 (27.06) | 949 (28.80) |
| Second quartile | 9,842 (25.67) | 1,029 (23.64) | 1,219 (28.07) | 1,625 (24.82) | 833 (26.47) | 1,700 (25.91) | 1,768 (25.95) | 829 (25.27) | 839 (25.46) |
| Third quartile | 7,995 (20.85) | 839 (19.27) | 770 (17.73) | 1,325 (20.24) | 692 (21.99) | 1,379 (21.01) | 1,483 (21.76) | 778 (23.71) | 729 (22.12) |
| Highest quartile | 8,242 (21.50) | 793 (18.22) | 776 (17.87) | 1,342 (20.50) | 705 (22.40) | 1,467 (22.36) | 1,595 (23.41) | 786 (23.96) | 778 (23.61) |
| Education level, n (95% CI) |
| Elementary school or lower | 16,546 (43.15) | 2,440 (56.05) | 2,442 (56.23) | 3,275 (50.03) | 1,347 (42.8) | 2,540 (38.71) | 2,310 (33.9) | 1,097 (33.43) | 1,095 (33.23) |
| Middle school | 6,509 (16.98) | 746 (17.14) | 761 (17.52) | 1,201 (18.35) | 527 (16.75) | 1,139 (17.36) | 1,117 (16.39) | 518 (15.79) | 500 (15.17) |
| High school | 9,156 (23.88) | 798 (18.33) | 748 (17.22) | 1,323 (20.21) | 762 (24.21) | 1,651 (25.16) | 1,986 (29.15) | 921 (28.07) | 967 (29.35) |
| College or higher | 6,130 (15.99) | 369 (8.48) | 392 (9.03) | 747 (11.41) | 511 (16.24) | 1,232 (18.77) | 1,401 (20.56) | 745 (22.71) | 733 (22.25) |
| BMI, kg/m2, n (95% CI)* |
| Under-weight | 1,099 (2.87) | 158 (3.63) | 140 (3.22) | 209 (3.19) | 75 (2.38) | 176 (2.68) | 156 (2.29) | 85 (2.59) | 100 (3.03) |
| Normal and over-weight | 23,098 (60.24) | 2,588 (59.45) | 2,615 (60.21) | 4,031 (61.58) | 1,852 (58.85) | 3,922 (59.77) | 4,202 (61.67) | 1,916 (58.4) | 1,972 (59.85) |
| Obese | 14,144 (36.89) | 1,607 (36.92) | 1,588 (36.56) | 2,306 (35.23) | 1,220 (38.77) | 2,464 (37.55) | 2,456 (36.04) | 1,280 (39.01) | 1,223 (37.12) |
| Presence of osteoporosis, n (95% CI) |
| Present | 5,169 (13.48) | 437 (10.04) | 558 (12.85) | 898 (13.72) | 467 (14.84) | 983 (14.98) | 959 (14.07) | 435 (13.26) | 432 (13.11) |
| Absent | 33,172 (86.52) | 3,916 (89.96) | 3,785 (87.15) | 5,648 (86.28) | 2,680 (85.16) | 5,579 (85.02) | 5,855 (85.93) | 2,846 (86.74) | 2,863 (86.89) |
| Menopausal status, n (95% CI) |
| Male | 16,505 (43.05) | 1,866 (42.87) | 1,800 (41.45) | 2,837 (43.34) | 1,370 (43.53) | 2,839 (43.26) | 2,927 (42.96) | 1,457 (44.41) | 1,409 (42.76) |
| Postmen-opausal | 18,504 (48.26) | 2,120 (48.70) | 2,188 (50.38) | 3,330 (50.87) | 1,495 (47.51) | 3,288 (50.11) | 3,222 (47.29) | 1,390 (42.37) | 1,471 (44.64) |
| Premen-opausal | 3,332 (8.69) | 367 (8.43) | 355 (8.17) | 379 (5.79) | 282 (8.96) | 435 (6.63) | 665 (9.76) | 434 (13.23) | 415 (12.59) |
| Weighted rate, (95% CI) |
| Overall, n | 38,341 | 4,353 | 4,343 | 6,546 | 3,147 | 6,562 | 6,814 | 3,281 | 3,295 |
| Age group, years, weighted % (95% CI) |
| 50-59 | 44.68 (43.89 to 45.48) | 42.32 (40.51 to 44.13) | 47.15 (44.89 to 49.41) | 47.05 (45.11 to 48.99) | 46.42 (44.01 to 48.83) | 45.73 (43.85 to 47.60) | 43.88 (41.86 to 45.91) | 42.71 (39.64 to 45.77) | 41.03 (38.05 to 44.01) |
| 60-69 | 30.36 (29.74 to 30.97) | 34.66 (32.98 to 36.33) | 29.83 (28.11 to 31.56) | 28.34 (27.03 to 29.64) | 27.97 (26.07 to 29.87) | 29.11 (27.70 to 30.53) | 30.32 (28.71 to 31.93) | 31.60 (29.41 to 33.79) | 33.37 (31.30 to 35.43) |
| 70-79 | 18.58 (18.08 to 19.08) | 18.51 (17.18 to 19.83) | 18.28 (16.80 to 19.76) | 19.27 (17.94 to 20.60) | 19.51 (17.84 to 21.18) | 18.52 (17.41 to 19.64) | 18.26 (17.04 to 19.48) | 18.48 (16.64 to 20.32) | 17.96 (16.15 to 19.78) |
| ≤80 | 6.39 (6.07 to 6.70) | 4.51 (3.82 to 5.20) | 4.74 (3.96 to 5.52) | 5.35 (4.65 to 6.04) | 6.10 (5.06 to 7.14) | 6.64 (5.97 to 7.31) | 7.54 (6.68 to 8.39) | 7.21 (5.93 to 8.49) | 7.64 (6.40 to 8.89) |
| Sex, weighted % (95% CI) |
| Male | 46.74 (46.28 to 47.20) | 43.32 (42.32 to 44.32) | 46.62 (45.35 to 47.89) | 46.42 (45.35 to 47.50) | 46.61 (44.94 to 48.28) | 47.01 (45.89 to 48.14) | 47.30 (46.16 to 48.43) | 47.60 (46.10 to 49.11) | 47.73 (46.18 to 49.28) |
| Female | 53.26 (52.80 to 53.72) | 56.68 (55.68 to 57.68) | 53.38 (52.11 to 54.65) | 53.58 (52.50 to 54.65) | 53.39 (51.72 to 55.06) | 52.99 (51.86 to 54.11) | 52.70 (51.57 to 53.84) | 52.40 (50.89 to 53.90) | 52.27 (50.72 to 53.82) |
| Region of residence, weighted % (95% CI) |
| Urban | 76.92 (75.17 to 78.67) | 67.39 (64.92 to 69.86) | 73.83 (68.61 to 79.05) | 70.67 (65.25 to 76.09) | 78.33 (72.19 to 84.48) | 79.85 (75.73 to 83.96) | 80.74 (76.41 to 85.07) | 81.35 (75.02 to 87.67) | 78.07 (71.76 to 84.39) |
| Rural | 23.08 (21.33 to 24.83) | 32.61 (30.14 to 35.08) | 26.17 (20.95 to 31.39) | 29.33 (23.91 to 34.75) | 21.67 (15.52 to 27.81) | 20.15 (16.04 to 24.27) | 19.26 (14.93 to 23.59) | 18.65 (12.33 to 24.98) | 21.93 (15.61 to 28.24) |
| Household income, weighted % (95% CI) |
| Lowest quartile | 27.06 (26.23 to 27.89) | 38.12 (35.54 to 40.69) | 29.78 (27.19 to 32.38) | 30.47 (28.35 to 32.60) | 26.47 (23.90 to 29.03) | 26.01 (24.01 to 28.01) | 24.98 (22.99 to 26.97) | 22.32 (19.21 to 25.44) | 21.93 (19.18 to 24.68) |
| Second quartile | 25.09 (24.40 to 25.78) | 23.81 (21.91 to 25.72) | 28.38 (26.09 to 30.67) | 24.94 (23.31 to 26.58) | 25.49 (23.14 to 27.83) | 24.17 (22.60 to 25.75) | 25.55 (23.88 to 27.22) | 23.93 (21.30 to 26.57) | 24.76 (22.62 to 26.90) |
| Third quartile | 22.74 (22.07 to 23.41) | 19.62 (17.88 to 21.36) | 19.82 (18.00 to 21.63) | 21.38 (19.83 to 22.93) | 23.44 (21.00 to 25.87) | 23.29 (21.72 to 24.85) | 23.29 (21.60 to 24.99) | 25.49 (23.08 to 27.90) | 24.58 (22.46 to 26.70) |
| Highest quartile | 25.11 (24.18 to 26.04) | 18.45 (16.59 to 20.32) | 22.02 (19.26 to 24.78) | 23.21 (21.15 to 25.26) | 24.61 (21.76 to 27.46) | 26.53 (24.27 to 28.78) | 26.18 (23.99 to 28.37) | 28.25 (24.19 to 32.31) | 28.73 (24.81 to 32.64) |
| Education level, weighted % (95% CI) |
| Elementary school or lower | 37.31 (36.48 to 38.15) | 55.04 (52.52 to 57.55) | 49.08 (46.39 to 51.77) | 46.46 (44.19 to 48.73) | 40.13 (37.33 to 42.94) | 33.62 (31.78 to 35.46) | 29.85 (27.88 to 31.83) | 28.31 (25.37 to 31.24) | 26.73 (23.70 to 29.75) |
| Middle school | 16.49 (15.99 to 16.99) | 17.37 (15.94 to 18.80) | 19.01 (17.52 to 20.50) | 19.38 (18.09 to 20.67) | 15.97 (14.41 to 17.52) | 17.07 (15.73 to 18.41) | 15.18 (14.10 to 16.26) | 14.05 (12.36 to 15.74) | 13.69 (12.12 to 15.25) |
| High school | 27.09 (26.44 to 27.73) | 18.83 (17.15 to 20.51) | 20.61 (18.77 to 22.46) | 21.93 (20.46 to 23.40) | 26.00 (24.07 to 27.93) | 27.27 (25.74 to 28.80) | 32.03 (30.43 to 33.62) | 31.68 (29.33 to 34.02) | 33.55 (31.17 to 35.93) |
| College or higher | 19.11 (18.31 to 19.91) | 8.76 (7.57 to 9.96) | 11.29 (9.26 to 13.33) | 12.23 (10.50 to 13.96) | 17.90 (15.38 to 20.42) | 22.04 (20.03 to 24.05) | 22.94 (20.88 to 25.00) | 25.97 (22.50 to 29.43) | 26.04 (22.99 to 29.08) |
| BMI, kg/m2, weighted % (95% CI)* |
| Under-weight | 2.62 (2.44 to 2.81) | 3.57 (2.98 to 4.15) | 2.84 (2.28 to 3.40) | 2.72 (2.24 to 3.19) | 2.27 (1.70 to 2.83) | 2.55 (2.14 to 2.97) | 2.21 (1.78 to 2.64) | 2.71 (1.96 to 3.47) | 2.68 (2.08 to 3.28) |
| Normal and over-weight | 60.05 (59.45 to 60.65) | 59.65 (58.25 to 61.05) | 59.53 (57.88 to 61.17) | 60.95 (59.57 to 62.34) | 59.01 (56.87 to 61.14) | 59.93 (58.47 to 61.39) | 61.44 (59.96 to 62.91) | 57.90 (55.88 to 59.92) | 60.05 (57.91 to 62.19) |
| Obese | 37.33 (36.73 to 37.93) | 36.79 (35.26 to 38.31) | 37.64 (35.87 to 39.40) | 36.33 (34.93 to 37.73) | 38.73 (36.59 to 40.86) | 37.52 (36.07 to 38.96) | 36.35 (34.91 to 37.79) | 39.39 (37.45 to 41.33) | 37.27 (35.12 to 39.43) |
| Presence of osteoporosis, weighted % (95% CI) |
| Present | 11.52 (11.15 to 11.90) | 9.56 (8.62 to 10.49) | 10.45 (9.43 to 11.47) | 11.87 (10.91 to 12.83) | 12.78 (11.45 to 14.11) | 12.49 (11.56 to 13.42) | 11.73 (10.78 to 12.67) | 11.15 (10.08 to 12.23) | 10.74 (9.46 to 12.02) |
| Absent | 88.48 (88.10 to 88.85) | 90.44 (89.51 to 91.38) | 89.55 (88.53 to 90.57) | 88.13 (87.17 to 89.09) | 87.22 (85.89 to 88.55) | 87.51 (86.58 to 88.44) | 88.27 (87.33 to 89.22) | 88.85 (87.77 to 89.92) | 89.26 (87.98 to 90.54) |
| Menopausal status, weighted % (95% CI) |
| Male | 46.74 (46.28 to 47.20) | 43.32 (42.32 to 44.32) | 46.62 (45.35 to 47.89) | 46.42 (45.35 to 47.50) | 46.61 (44.94 to 48.28) | 47.01 (45.89 to 48.14) | 47.30 (46.16 to 48.43) | 47.60 (46.10 to 49.11) | 47.73 (46.18 to 49.28) |
| Postme-nopausal | 44.08 (43.55 to 44.60) | 47.99 (46.75 to 49.23) | 44.55 (42.99 to 46.10) | 47.41 (46.19 to 48.62) | 44.08 (42.22 to 45.93) | 45.87 (44.66 to 47.08) | 42.66 (41.33 to 43.98) | 39.13 (37.20 to 41.07) | 40.08 (38.43 to 41.74) |
| Preme-nopausal | 9.18 (8.82 to 9.55) | 8.69 (7.85 to 9.53) | 8.84 (7.81 to 9.86) | 6.17 (5.45 to 6.89) | 9.31 (8.00 to 10.62) | 7.12 (6.32 to 7.91) | 10.05 (9.13 to 10.96) | 13.26 (11.74 to 14.79) | 12.19 (10.92 to 13.46) |