Table 6. Meta-analyses reporting olfactory, gustatory/oral, and ocular symptoms in patients with COVID-19

First author (date of publication) Study period Number of studies/participants Prevalence of symptoms (95% CI)
Yusuf (Apr 19, 2021) Dec 2019 to Jan 2021 22 studies Dysgeusia 7.04% (5.96% to 8.30%)
Mutiawati (Jan 21, 2021) Dec 2019 to Nov 2020 107/32,142 Anosmia 38.2% (36.5% to 47.2%)Dysgeusia 36.6% (35.2% to 45.2%)
Hoang (Sep ,2020) Dec 2019 to Sep 2020 14/8,871 Gustatory dysfunction 47.0% (17.3% to 76.8%)Olfactory dysfunction 45.7% (22% to 69.3%)
Rogers (Jun 3, 2021) Dec 2019 to Jul 2020 147/99,905 Anosmia 43.1% (35.2% to 51.3%)Dysgeusia 37.2% (29.8% to 45.3%)
Elshazli (Feb 23, 2021) Dec 2019 to Jul 2020 125/25,252 Dysgeusia/ageusia 15.40% (6.20% to 24.60%)
Amorim Dos Santos (Sep 11, 2020) Dec 2019 to JUNE 2020 40/10,228 Gustatory impairment 45% (34% to 55%)Dysgeusia 38%Hypogeusia 35%Ageusia 24%
Ibekwe (Sep 11, 2020) Dec 2019 to May 2020 27/19,424 Loss of smell 48.47% (33.78% to 63.29%)Loss taste 41.47% (3.13% to 31.03%)
Chi (Aug 22, 2020) Dec 2019 to May 2020 12/1,739 Olfactory and gustatory abnormality 48.5%
Inomata (Aug 3, 2020) Apr 2020 to May 2020 15/1,533 Ocular symptoms 11.2% (5.5% to 16.9%)
Borsetto (Jul 6,2020) Dec 2019 to May 2020 18/3,563 Alteration of sense of smell or taste 47% (36% to 59%)
Hannum (Jul 6, 2020) Jan 2020 to Apr 2020 34/19,746 Olfactory dysfunction 50.2% (37.7% to 62.6%)
Tong (May 5, 2020) Dec 2019 to Apr 2020 10/1,627 Olfactory dysfunction 52.73% (29.64% to 75.23%)Gustatory dysfunction 43.93% (20.46% to 68.95%)
CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.