Table 2. Characteristics of included studies

Author, year Study period Study design Exposure Outcome Database/cohort
Duarte, 2021[13] Outbreak of COVID-19 to April, 2021 Retrospective cohort ADT versus non-ADT Cumulative incidence of Death Brazilian Unified Health System
Fujiwara, 2021[38] Apr to Jun, 2020 Retrospective cohort (pilot study) Prostate cancer which switched from GnRH antagonist to long-acting LH-RH agonist Serum testosterone, PSA Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
Gedeborg, 2021[39] Mar to Dec, 2020 Case-control ADT COVID-19 mortality Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe) RAPID 2019
Gedeborg, 2021[7] 2015 to 2020 Retrospective cohort ADT COVID-19 mortality Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden
Klein, 2021[8] Mar to Jun, 2020 Prospective cohort ADT COVID-19 positivity and disease severity Cleveland, Ohio
Jiménez-Alcaide, 2021[9] Mar to May, 2020 Retrospective cohort ADT COVID-19 severity Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón
Koskinen, 2020[10] Mar to May, 2020 Retrospective cohort ADT COVID-19 positivity Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland
Schmidt, 2021[11] Mar, 2020 to Feb, 2021 Retrospective cohort ADT COVID-19 mortality COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium registry
Kwon, 2021[12] Feb to Dec, 2020 Retrospective cohort ADT COVID-19 incidence University of California Health System registry
Montopoli, 2020[5] Start of COVID-19 to Apr, 2020 Retrospective cohort ADT COVID-19 incidence 68 hospitals in Veneto, Italy
Karimi, 2021[40] Search: Dec, 2020 Meta-analysis ADT COVID-19 infection risk, hospitalization rate, ICU admission, and mortality risk Four eligible studies
Motlagh, 2022[15] Search: July, 2021 Meta-analysis ADT COVID-19 infection risk, severity 6 Retrospective studies
Stroman, 2021[16] Apr to May, 2020 Cross-sectional Prostate biopsy method Centres in United Kingdom
Caffo, 2020[41] Feb to Jun, 2020 Retrospective cohort Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer COVID-19 incidence 20 Italian oncological centres
Chakravarty, 2021[28] Mar to Dec, 2020 Retrospective cohort Prostate cancer COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality Mount Sinai Hospital system
Deukeren, 2022[22] Mar to May, 2020 Cross-sectional Prostate cancer diagnosis Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR)
Fallara, 2021[23] Mar to Jun, 2020 Cross-sectional Prostate cancer diagnosis and staging, treatment National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden
Ferrari, 2021[19] 2016 to 2020 Cross-sectional Prostate cancer routine screening University Hospitals of Verona
Klaassen, 2022[29] Jan, 2018 to Mar, 2021 Retrospective cohort Race Prostate biopsies and diagnoses Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Bernstein, 2021[30] Mar to May, 2020 Retrospective Cohort Race Prostatectomy rate Pennsylvania Urologic Regional Collaborative (PURC)
Nossiter, 2022[21] Mar to Dec, 2020 Cross-sectional Prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment English National Health Service
Pepe, 2021[27] 2020 to 2021 Cross-sectional Prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment Catania, Italy
Sciarra, 2020[20] Mar 2020 Descriptive study Diagnostic, therapeutic elective procedures requested and performed for cancer management Rome, Italy
Surasi, 2021[18] 2021 Descriptive study Prostate MRI studies, biopsies Radiologists from five continents
Ip, 2021[25] Jun 2018 to Jun 2021 Temporal trend analysis Cancer diagnostics, treatments, and physician attendances Services Australia Medicare Benefits Schedule Item Reports
Kaufman, 2021[24] Jan 2018 to Dec 2020 Temporal trend analysis PSA, prostate biopsy, and diagnoses Quest Diagnostics database
Barrett, 2021[42] Jan 2019 - Oct 2020 Analysis of descriptive statistics and interrupted time series Prescription of gonadorelins English Prescribing Dataset
Ginsburg, 2020[32] 2010 to 2016 Retrospective cohort Delayed radical prostatectomy Oncological outcome National Cancer Database
Lee, 2022[43] 1988 to 2018 Retrospective cohort Delayed radical prostatectomy Time of castration-resistant prostate cancer, metastasis, and all-cause mortality SEARCH cohort, U.S.
Diamand, 2021[44] Mar 2012 to Sep 2019 Retrospective cohort Delayed radical prostatectomy Oncological outcome European centers (Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Italy)
Zattoni, 2021[31] Mar to Dec, 2020 Retrospective Cohort Delay in radical Prostatectomy Risk of adverse pathologic findings at RP 8 European tertiary referral centers
Chan, 2021[33] Search: May, 2020 Meta-analysis Delayed treatment Disease prognosis 4 randomized trials and 33 observational studies
Loeb, et al. 2021[45] Dec 2019 to April 2020 Computational linguistic ethnography analysis Prostate cancer Linguistic tone and topic of discussion online Inspire Us TOO Prostate Cancer online support and discussion, Reddit
Irusen, 2021[46] Jul to Sep, 2020 Prospective longitudinal study COVID-19 Corona virus anxiety scale, state-trait anxiety inventory, the connor-davidson resilience scale, and multidimensional scale of perceived social support Cape Town, South Africa
Araújo, 2022[35] Before vs after COVID-19 pandemic Prospective Cohort ADT Montreal cognitive assessment NEON-PC, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto
Kizilkan, 2021[34] Mar to Jun, 2020 State-trait anxiety inventory I and II and beck depression inventory Ankara City Hospital, Turkey
Lopez, 2020[47] Search: Nov, 2019 Meta-analysis Fatigue, quality of life, lean body mass, and fat mass 3 randomized trials
Liontos, 2021[37] 2021 Prospective cohort Prostate cancer under treatment with ARTA who were vaccinated for COVID-19 Neutralizing antibody against COVID-19 Athens, Greece
Notohamiprodjo, 2022[48] Jun to July, 2021 Retrospective cohort COVID-19 vaccination Prevalence, temporal response, and characteristics of vaccine-associated lymphadenopathy Munich, Germany
Abbreviations; ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; LH-RH, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.