Table 3. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios for the association between the use of contaminated ranitidine with all-cause mortality in the propensity score-matched cohort (n = 55,584)

Event N (%) Events Person-years Event incidence rate* HR (95% CI)§
Secondary analysis: All-cause mortality events
 No exposure All-cause mortality 27,792 1,758 173,511 10.1 1.00 (reference)
 Exposure All-cause mortality 27,792 1,933 171,722 11.3 1.04 (0.97 to 1.11)
Cumulative exposure (mg)
 <70,000 All-cause mortality 9,901 590 60,786 9.7 1.06 (0.97 to 1.17)
 70,000-129,999 All-cause mortality 9,098 636 56,329 11.3 1.06 (0.97 to 1.16)
 ≥130,000 All-cause mortality 8,793 707 54,606 12.9 1.00 (0.91 to 1.09)
P for trend 0.424
Cumulative duration of use (years)
 <1 All-cause mortality 14,391 875 88,786 9.9 1.06 (0.98 to 1.15)
 1-2 All-cause mortality 7,670 592 47,339 12.5 1.08 (0.98 to 1.18)
 ≥2 All-cause mortality 5,731 466 35,597 13.1 0.95 (0.86 to 1.05)
P for trend 0.117
Abbreviations here: CI, confidence interval; H2 blocker, histamine H2 receptor antagonist; HR, hazard ratio; NDMA, N-nitrosodimethylamine; SD, standard deviation.
Cancer incidence rate is expressed as per 1,000 person-years.
Risk factors were adjusted for age; sex; frequency of alcohol consumption; region of residence (rural or urban); body mass index (<25, 25–30, or ≥30 kg/m2); systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and serum total cholesterol (continuous variables); history of diabetes mellitus, stroke, or hypertension; Charlson comorbidity index (0-1, 2, or ≥3), alcoholic drinks (<1, 1-2, 3-4, or ≥5 days per week); household income (low, middle, or high), smoking (never smoker, ex-smoker, or current smoker); physical activity (0, 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, or 7 sessions per week); and use of a proton pump inhibitor, statin, systemic glucocorticoid, metformin, aspirin, or hormone replacement therapy.
Number in bold indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).